Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in COVID-19 Treatment: a Systematic Literature Review

Abstract Introduction: The present study intends to systematically review the literature on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The research was carried out according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Studies were selected from PubMed/MEDLINE and LILACS databases between December 2019 and May 17 2020, using the descriptors "ECMO AND COVID-19", "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation AND COVID-19", "ECLS AND COVID-19", and "Extracorporeal Life Support AND COVID-19". Exclusion criteria were government epidemiological bulletins, comments, literature reviews, and articles without full access to content. Results: Two hundred and thirty-three scientific productions were found, however only 18 did not met the exclusion criteria and could be included in this study, amouting to a total of 911 patients - 624 (68.5%) men, 261 (28.6%) women, and 26 (2.8%) without sex information. The mean age of the patients was 53.7 years. ECMO was necessary in 274 (30.1%) people (200 [73%] submitted to veno-venous ECMO, nine [3.3%] to veno-arterial ECMO, and seven [2.5%] moved between these two types or needed a more specific ECMO according to the disease prognosis). Five studies did not specify the type of ECMO used, amounting 57 (20.8%) patients. Five patients (1.8%) were discharged, 77 (28.1%) died, 125 (45.6%) remained hospitalized until publication time of their respective studies, and 67 patients (24.4%) had no outcome information. Conclusion: It is evident that more research, covering larger populations, must be carried out in order to clearly elucidate the role of ECMO in the treatment of COVID-19.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in COVID-19 Treatment: a Systematic Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: The present study intends to systematically review the literature on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The research was carried out according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Studies were selected from PubMed/MEDLINE and LILACS databases between December 2019 and May 17 2020, using the descriptors "ECMO AND COVID-19", "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation AND COVID-19", "ECLS AND COVID-19", and "Extracorporeal Life Support AND COVID-19". Exclusion criteria were government epidemiological bulletins, comments, literature reviews, and articles without full access to content. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-three scientific productions were found, however only 18 did not met the exclusion criteria and could be included in this study, amouting to a total of 911 patients - 624 (68.5%) men, 261 (28.6%) women, and 26 (2.8%) without sex information. The mean age of the patients was 53.7 years. ECMO was necessary in 274 (30.1%) people (200 [73%] submitted to veno-venous ECMO, nine [3.3%] to veno-arterial ECMO, and seven [2.5%] moved between these two types or needed a more specific ECMO according to the disease prognosis). Five studies did not specify the type of ECMO used, amounting 57 (20.8%) patients. Five patients (1.8%) were discharged, 77 (28.1%) died, 125 (45.6%) remained hospitalized until publication time of their respective studies, and 67 patients (24.4%) had no outcome information. CONCLUSION: It is evident that more research, covering larger populations, must be carried out in order to clearly elucidate the role of ECMO in the treatment of COVID-19.

Ankle-brachial Index and associated factors in individuals with coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the association between ABI and the main risk factors for coronary artery disease in coronary patients. METHODS: Were selected 156 adult patients from a hospital in Maceió, Alagoas. Were evaluated with risk factors age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and dyslipidemia. PAOD screening was performed by the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used. Confidence Interval of 95% and a significance of 5%. RESULTS: 67.3% (n=105) males, 52.6% (n=82) elderly, 23.1% (n = 34) obese, 72.4% 6% (n=113) hypertensive, 34.6% (n=54) diabetics, 53.2% (n=83) smokers, 34.6% (n=54) dyslipidemic and 70.5% (n=110) with a family history of CAD. 16.7% (n=26) of the individuals presented PAOD. Three factors were associated with PAOD: age group ≥ 60 years (OR:3.656; p=0.005), diabetes mellitus (OR:2.625; p=0.024) and hypertension (OR:5.528; p=0.008). No significant difference was observed in the variables smoking, dyslipidemia, family history of CAD, and obesity. CONCLUSION: The independent risk factors for PAOD were age, diabetes mellitus, and systemic arterial hypertension.

Syphilis among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil from 2008 to 2015: a trend analysis according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

INTRODUCTION: The number of syphilis cases among pregnant women in Brazil has increased. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of syphilis indicators among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A time-series study was performed. RESULTS: We observed an increase in the detection rate of syphilis among pregnant women, those aged 15-19 years, and those of brown ethnicity. A strong correlation was observed between the detection rate of syphilis and family health strategy coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in primary care coverage, The increase in cases of syphilis among pregnant women is still considered a challenge.

Ankle-brachial Index and associated factors in individuals with coronary artery disease

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Analyzing the association between ABI and the main risk factors for coronary artery disease in coronary patients. METHODS Were selected 156 adult patients from a hospital in Maceió, Alagoas. Were evaluated with risk factors age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and dyslipidemia. PAOD screening was performed by the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used. Confidence Interval of 95% and a significance of 5%. RESULTS 67.3% (n=105) males, 52.6% (n=82) elderly, 23.1% (n = 34) obese, 72.4% 6% (n=113) hypertensive, 34.6% (n=54) diabetics, 53.2% (n=83) smokers, 34.6% (n=54) dyslipidemic and 70.5% (n=110) with a family history of CAD. 16.7% (n=26) of the individuals presented PAOD. Three factors were associated with PAOD: age group ≥ 60 years (OR:3.656; p=0.005), diabetes mellitus (OR:2.625; p=0.024) and hypertension (OR:5.528; p=0.008). No significant difference was observed in the variables smoking, dyslipidemia, family history of CAD, and obesity. CONCLUSION The independent risk factors for PAOD were age, diabetes mellitus, and systemic arterial hypertension.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar a associação entre o ITB e os principais fatores de risco para doença arterial coronariana em indivíduos coronariopatas. MÉTODOS Foram selecionados 156 pacientes adultos de um hospital de Maceió, Alagoas. Foram avaliados como fatores de risco idade, obesidade, hipertensão, diabetes mellitus, tabagismo e dislipidemia. A triagem da DAOP foi realizada pelo índice tornozelo-braquial (ITB). Foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. Intervalo de Confiança de 95% e significância de 5%. RESULTADOS 67,3% (n=105) do sexo masculino, 52,6% (n=82) idosos, 23,1% (n=34) obesos, 72,4% (n=113) hipertensos, 34,6% (n=54) diabéticos, 53,2% (n=83) tabagistas, 34,6% (n=54) dislipidêmicos e 70,5% (n=110) com história familiar de DAC; 16,7% (n=26) dos indivíduos apresentaram DAOP. Três fatores foram associados à DAOP: faixa etária ≥60 anos (OR:3,656; p=0,005), diabetes mellitus (OR:2,625; p=0,024) e (OR:5,528; p=0,008). Não foi observada diferença significativa nas variáveis tabagismo, dislipidemia, história familiar de DAC e obesidade. CONCLUSÃO Os fatores de risco independentes para DAOP foram idade, diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial sistêmica.

Covid-19 em Pacientes Oncológicos: uma Revisão do Perfil Clínico-Epidemiológico / COVID-19 in Oncologic Patients: a Clinical-Epidemiological Profile Review / Covid-19 en Pacientes con Cáncer: una Revisión del Perfil Clínico-Epidemiológico

Introdução: Desde o início da pandemia de Covid-19, estudos apontam que pacientes oncológicos representam um dos principais grupos de risco. Objetivo: Sintetizar a literatura no que se refere ao perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes oncológicos com Covid-19. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura a partir da base PubMed, utilizando os descritores COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV, n-CoV e coronavirus combinados com cancer, tumor e malignancy. Resultados: Dos 821 artigos encontrados, nove textos foram incluídos na análise qualitativa, totalizando 39 indivíduos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (74,4% homens): China (6 textos, 35 pacientes), Nigéria (1 texto, 1 paciente), França (1 texto, 2 pacientes) e Dinamarca (1 texto, 1 paciente). Os cânceres de pulmão (51,3%; n=20) e de mama (10,3%; n=4) foram os mais prevalentes. Em 87,2% (n=34), não foram relatadas informações sobre hábitos de vida. Os sintomas respiratórios (46,8%; n=18) e febre (43,6%; n=17) se destacaram. Seis pacientes foram a óbito (15,4%), quatro receberam alta por cura (10,2%), dois permaneceram internados até a publicação do estudo (5,2%) e sobre os demais (69,3%, n=27) o manuscrito não informava o desfecho. Conclusão: O cuidado adequado a esse grupo especial de pacientes quando infectados pelo novo coronavírus é fundamental em busca de melhores desfechos. Mais estudos ainda são necessários para uma melhor compreensão de como a Covid-19 se comporta em pacientes com câncer.

Introduction: Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, studies indicate that oncologic patients represent one of the main risk groups. Objective: To synthesize the literature addressing clinical and epidemiological profile of oncologic patients with COVID-19. Method: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in the PubMed database, utilizing the descriptors COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV, n-CoV and coronavirus combined with cancer, tumor and malignancy. Results: Of the 821 articles found, nine texts were included in the qualitative analysis, totaling 39 individuals, predominantly male (74.4% men): China (6 texts, 35 patients), Nigeria (1 text, 1 patient), France (1 text, 2 patients), Denmark (1 text, 1 patient). Lung (51.3%; n=20) and breast (10.3%; n=4) cancers were the most prevalent. In 87.2% (n=34), information about life habits were not reported. Respiratory symptoms (46.8%; n=18) and fever (43.6%; n=17) stood out. Six patients died (15.4%), four were discharged due to cure (10.2%), two remained hospitalized until the study was published (5.2%) and for the other patients (69.3%, n=27), the manuscript did not inform the outcome . Conclusion: Adequate care for this special group of patients when infected with the new coronavirus is essential in pursuing better outcomes. Further studies are still needed to better understand how COVID-19 behaves in cancer patients.

Introducción: Desde el comienzo de la pandemia de Covid-19, los estudios indican que los pacientes con cáncer representan uno de los principales grupos de riesgo. Objetivo: Sintetizar la literatura sobre el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes con cáncer además de Covid-19. Método: Revisión integral de la literatura utilizando la base de datos PubMed, con los descriptores COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV, n-CoV y coronavirus combinados con cáncer, tumor y malignidad. Resultados: De los 821 artículos encontrados, se incluyeron nueve textos en el análisis cualitativo, totalizando 39 individuos, predominantemente hombres (74.4% hombres): China (6 textos, 35 pacientes), Nigeria (1 texto, 1 paciente), Francia (1 texto, 2 pacientes), Dinamarca (1 texto, 1 paciente). Los cánceres de pulmón (51,3%; n=20) y de mama (10,3%; n=4) fueron los más prevalentes. En 87,2% (n=34) del total, no se informó ninguna información acerca de hábitos de vida. Se destacaron los síntomas respiratorios (46,8%; n=18) y fiebre (43,6%; n=17). Seis pacientes fallecieron (15,4%), cuatro fueron dados de alta por cura (10,2%), dos permanecieron hospitalizados hasta que se publicó el estudio (5,2%) y en los otros (69,3%, n=27) el manuscrito no informó el resultado. Conclusión: La atención adecuada para este grupo especial de pacientes cuando se infectan con el nuevo coronavirus es esencial en la búsqueda de mejores resultados. Todavía se necesitan más estudios para comprender mejor cómo se comporta Covid-19 en pacientes con cáncer.

Syphilis among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil from 2008 to 2015: a trend analysis according to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The number of syphilis cases among pregnant women in Brazil has increased. This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of syphilis indicators among pregnant women in Northeast Brazil. METHODS: A time-series study was performed. RESULTS: We observed an increase in the detection rate of syphilis among pregnant women, those aged 15-19 years, and those of brown ethnicity. A strong correlation was observed between the detection rate of syphilis and family health strategy coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in primary care coverage, The increase in cases of syphilis among pregnant women is still considered a challenge.